Nonlethal effects of SARS-Cov-2


https://www.cdc.gov/sars/ (CoV1, no longer maintained)

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/index.html

https://www.who.int/health-topics/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-mers

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

V’kovski, P., Kratzel, A., Steiner, S., Stalder, H., & Thiel, V. (2021). Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 19(3), 155-170.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-020-00468-6

The astounding impact and reach of long Covid, in numbers and charts
The Guardian
Wed 12 Oct 2022
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/oct/12/long-covid-coronavirus-data-symptoms-causes-studies

Su, Y., Yuan, D., Chen, D. G., Ng, R. H., Wang, K., Choi, J., ... & Heath, J. R. (2022). Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae. Cell, 185(5), 881-895.
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00072-1

Smell

Inflammation, Rather Than Virus Provoking It, May Be Key to COVID-19 Loss of Smell
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/inflammation-rather-than-virus-provoking-it-may-be-key-to-covid-19-loss-of-smell

The science behind COVID’s assault on smell
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01627-w

Ho, Cheng-Ying, et al. "Postmortem Assessment of Olfactory Tissue Degeneration and Microvasculopathy in Patients With COVID-19." JAMA neurology (2022).
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2790735

The science behind COVID’s assault on smell
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01627-w#ref-CR9

Shelton, J. F., Shastri, A. J., Fletez-Brant, K., Aslibekyan, S., & Auton, A. (2022). The UGT2A1/UGT2A2 locus is associated with COVID-19-related loss of smell or taste. Nature Genetics, 54(2), 121-124.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-021-00986-w

Shrinkage

Endothelial activation and dysfunction in COVID-19: from basic mechanisms to potential therapeutic approaches
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-020-00454-7

Duran, M. B., Yildirim, O., Kizilkan, Y., Tosun, C., Cirakoglu, A., Gultekin, M. H., ... & Turunc, T. (2021). Variations in the number of patients presenting with andrological problems during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the possible reasons for these variations: a multicenter study. Sexual Medicine, 9(1), 100292.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7721349/

Katz, J., Yue, S., Xue, W., & Gao, H. (2022). Increased odds ratio for erectile dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 45(4), 859-864.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8630187/

Toes

‘Covid toes’ may be caused by a powerful immune response, a new study finds.
Roni Caryn Rabin Oct. 6, 2021  
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/06/health/covid-toes-cause.html

Brain Fog

Cerebrospinal Fluid Offers Clues to Post-COVID ‘Brain Fog’
https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2022/01/422156/cerebrospinal-fluid-offers-clues-post-covid-brain-fog

Apple, A. C., Oddi, A., Peluso, M. J., Asken, B. M., Henrich, T. J., Kelly, J. D., ... & Hellmuth, J. (2022). Risk factors and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid associate with cognitive symptoms after mild COVID‐19. Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 9(2), 221-226.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acn3.51498

Brain fog after COVID-19 has similarities to ‘chemo brain,’ Stanford-led study finds
https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2022/06/brain-fog-covid-chemo-brain.html

Fernández-Castañeda, A., Lu, P., Geraghty, A. C., Song, E., Lee, M. H., Wood, J., ... & Monje, M. (2022). Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation. Cell, 185(14), 2452-2468.

Fatigue

CLUES TO LONG COVID
16 JUN 2022 BYJENNIFER COUZIN-FRANKEL
https://www.science.org/content/article/what-causes-long-covid-three-leading-theories

Coronavirus and the Nervous System
https://www.ninds.nih.gov/current-research/coronavirus-and-ninds/coronavirus-and-nervous-system

PODCAST to LISTEN TO
How Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is helping doctors understand long COVID
https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2022/10/05/how-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-is-helping-doctors-understand-long-covid

Phetsouphanh, C., Darley, D. R., Wilson, D. B., Howe, A., Munier, C., Patel, S. K., ... & Matthews, G. V. (2022). Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature immunology, 23(2), 210-216.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-021-01113-x?s=08

Bansal, Rashika, Sriram Gubbi, and Christian A. Koch. "COVID-19 and chronic fatigue syndrome: An endocrine perspective." Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology 27 (2022): 100284.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8641402/

Leow, M. K. S., Kwek, D. S. K., Ng, A. W. K., Ong, K. C., Kaw, G. J. L., & Lee, L. S. U. (2005). Hypocortisolism in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Clinical endocrinology, 63(2), 197-202.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7188349/